1. EXW (Ex Works): In this agreement, the seller makes the goods available to the buyer at the seller’s premises or at another pre-agreed location. From that point, the buyer assumes all costs and risks associated with the collection of the goods.
2. FCA (Free Carrier): The seller delivers the goods to the carrier or a designated representative of the buyer at the named place. The risk passes on to the buyer upon delivery.
3. CPT (Carriage Paid To): The seller covers the cost of carriage to the agreed destination. Responsibility is transferred to the buyer once the goods have been delivered to the carrier.
4. CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To): Similar to CPT, with the addition that the seller must also take out insurance to cover the goods during transportation to the agreed destination.
5. DAP (Delivered at Place): The seller assumes all costs and risks until the goods arrive at the specified place. The buyer is responsible for customs duties and import taxes.
6. DPU (Delivered at Place Unloaded): The seller is responsible for delivering and unloading the goods at the agreed place. Upon delivery, the risk passes to the buyer.
7. DDP (Delivered Duty Paid): The seller assumes all costs, including transportation, insurance, customs clearance, and duties, until the goods arrive at the buyer’s premises or the agreed place.
8. FAS (Free Alongside Ship): The seller delivers the goods alongside the ship at the port of shipment. From that moment on, the buyer assumes full responsibility for the goods until their ultimate destination.
9. FOB (Free on Board): The seller is responsible for the costs and risks until the goods are on board the vessel at the shipment port. From there, the buyer assumes the costs and risks up to the last destination.
10. CFR (Cost and Freight): The seller pays the transportation and freight costs to the port of destination. However, the risk is transferred to the buyer when the goods are loaded on the vessel.
11. CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight): Similar to CFR, the seller must also provide insurance for the goods during transportation to the named destination.